Indonesia as a repository of World Bio energy
The development of research in the field of bio energy, are not new in this world. Exploratory opportunities for bio energy applications in industrialization has long sounded, and now has entered mass production stage and ready in commercialisation. Hopefully within the next few years, bio fuel will be an alternative and can compete with oil and gas (oil) in maintaining world energy security.
Indonesia with abundant natural wealth, have the potential to become world's granary bio energy. The potential that really can not be ignored is the availability of vast land to cultivate crops as a potential source of bio energy raw materials. Here is bio energy has included the use of biomass, bio diesel, bio ethanol, and bio gas as an alternative energy source.
Biomass
Biomass is biological material that is usually regarded as waste and often annihilated by the fuel. Sometimes we do not know that many things that can be utilized from the remnants of food or goods that we consider to be rubbish. Biomass can be processed into bio-charcoal, which is the fuel that has a high calorific value and can be used in everyday life. In addition, currently being major project use of waste as raw material in biomass technology for processing so it can be used as an energy source. Palm or coconut shell used as a briquette which is currently its development began official recognition by the investigators.
Bio diesel
Research in the field of bio diesel so far continued to grow by utilizing a variety of vegetable and animal fats for bio-fuels (bio fuels) and renewable (renewable). Bio diesel is a fuel that has properties resembling diesel oil / diesel. This environmentally friendly fuel because it produces emissions that is far better than the diesel / diesel fuel, which is free of sulfur, the number of smoke (smoke number) are low, has a higher Etan number, combustion is more complete, has lubricating properties of engine piston and can be decomposed (biodegradable) so as not to produce toxins (non toxic).
Making bio diesel from vegetable oils by converting the triglycerides (the main component of vegetable oils) into fatty acid methyl esters, using a catalyst in the process methanolysis / esterification. In Indonesia, the potential for bio diesel raw material is abundant. Currently, Indonesia is the largest vegetable oil producing countries in the world, including raw materials of vegetable oil fatty acids from palm oil, jatropha, coconut, soursop, Sugar-apple, cottonwood, and algae.
Bio ethanol
To change their premium, the alternative was Gasohol (gasoline-alcohol) which is a mixture of gasoline and bio ethanol. Bio ethanol derived from carbohydrates as potential raw materials such as maize, cassava, sweet potato, sago, and sugar cane. From some of these raw materials, it is known that maize is the main ingredient of feed for bio ethanol superior because apart from economically cheap, the total results of produced bio ethanol corn crop was greater among others.
After the above raw materials through a fermentation process, produced ethanol. And ethanol can be made from 99.5% ethanol or fuel grade ethanol that can be used for a mixture of Gasohol. In ethanol, there are 35% oxygen that can improve engine combustion efficiency and also increase the octane number additives such as Methyl Tertiary Buthyl Ether (MTBE) and Tetra Ethyl Lead (TEL). In addition, ethanol can also be broken down so that it can reduce harmful exhaust emissions.
Bio gas
Bio energy development opportunities, especially bio gas, are also allowed to flourish in Indonesia, both for application of small and medium scale industries. Various organic waste and aggro-industry wastes is a potential raw material to be processed into bio gas through anaerobic technology. In principle, the technology is the process of anaerobic decomposition by reducing microbial biomass in anaerobic conditions (without oxygen).
In broad outline the necessary raw material is biomass (residues of living creatures), microorganisms, and water. The main products of biogas are methane and organic fertilizer. Methane gas has been widely known as a raw material is environmentally friendly, because it can burn completely so that no smoke is striving to produce a bad effect on air quality. Because of its nature, the gas is methane gas that have high economic value and can be used for various purposes ranging from cooking, to drive the steam turbine power plant.
Cover
Given the huge potential of the Indonesian state mainly to the availability of raw materials, the Indonesian state rightly dare to proclaim itself as a state granary of the world bioenergy. Future challenges in the development of bioenergy, particularly in the aspects of capital / investment, legal instruments, technology development, problems of social constraints, and limitations of markets and users, should be a commitment and a shared responsibility of government, community and relevant parties to seek solutions . Hopefully within the next few decades, Indonesia could become the world's tigers in the field of energy. In achieving these expectations, it should be realized that the success has not come by itself, but is the result of hard work from all parties / stakeholders.
The development of research in the field of bio energy, are not new in this world. Exploratory opportunities for bio energy applications in industrialization has long sounded, and now has entered mass production stage and ready in commercialisation. Hopefully within the next few years, bio fuel will be an alternative and can compete with oil and gas (oil) in maintaining world energy security.
Indonesia with abundant natural wealth, have the potential to become world's granary bio energy. The potential that really can not be ignored is the availability of vast land to cultivate crops as a potential source of bio energy raw materials. Here is bio energy has included the use of biomass, bio diesel, bio ethanol, and bio gas as an alternative energy source.
Biomass
Biomass is biological material that is usually regarded as waste and often annihilated by the fuel. Sometimes we do not know that many things that can be utilized from the remnants of food or goods that we consider to be rubbish. Biomass can be processed into bio-charcoal, which is the fuel that has a high calorific value and can be used in everyday life. In addition, currently being major project use of waste as raw material in biomass technology for processing so it can be used as an energy source. Palm or coconut shell used as a briquette which is currently its development began official recognition by the investigators.
Bio diesel
Research in the field of bio diesel so far continued to grow by utilizing a variety of vegetable and animal fats for bio-fuels (bio fuels) and renewable (renewable). Bio diesel is a fuel that has properties resembling diesel oil / diesel. This environmentally friendly fuel because it produces emissions that is far better than the diesel / diesel fuel, which is free of sulfur, the number of smoke (smoke number) are low, has a higher Etan number, combustion is more complete, has lubricating properties of engine piston and can be decomposed (biodegradable) so as not to produce toxins (non toxic).
Making bio diesel from vegetable oils by converting the triglycerides (the main component of vegetable oils) into fatty acid methyl esters, using a catalyst in the process methanolysis / esterification. In Indonesia, the potential for bio diesel raw material is abundant. Currently, Indonesia is the largest vegetable oil producing countries in the world, including raw materials of vegetable oil fatty acids from palm oil, jatropha, coconut, soursop, Sugar-apple, cottonwood, and algae.
Bio ethanol
To change their premium, the alternative was Gasohol (gasoline-alcohol) which is a mixture of gasoline and bio ethanol. Bio ethanol derived from carbohydrates as potential raw materials such as maize, cassava, sweet potato, sago, and sugar cane. From some of these raw materials, it is known that maize is the main ingredient of feed for bio ethanol superior because apart from economically cheap, the total results of produced bio ethanol corn crop was greater among others.
After the above raw materials through a fermentation process, produced ethanol. And ethanol can be made from 99.5% ethanol or fuel grade ethanol that can be used for a mixture of Gasohol. In ethanol, there are 35% oxygen that can improve engine combustion efficiency and also increase the octane number additives such as Methyl Tertiary Buthyl Ether (MTBE) and Tetra Ethyl Lead (TEL). In addition, ethanol can also be broken down so that it can reduce harmful exhaust emissions.
Bio gas
Bio energy development opportunities, especially bio gas, are also allowed to flourish in Indonesia, both for application of small and medium scale industries. Various organic waste and aggro-industry wastes is a potential raw material to be processed into bio gas through anaerobic technology. In principle, the technology is the process of anaerobic decomposition by reducing microbial biomass in anaerobic conditions (without oxygen).
In broad outline the necessary raw material is biomass (residues of living creatures), microorganisms, and water. The main products of biogas are methane and organic fertilizer. Methane gas has been widely known as a raw material is environmentally friendly, because it can burn completely so that no smoke is striving to produce a bad effect on air quality. Because of its nature, the gas is methane gas that have high economic value and can be used for various purposes ranging from cooking, to drive the steam turbine power plant.
Cover
Given the huge potential of the Indonesian state mainly to the availability of raw materials, the Indonesian state rightly dare to proclaim itself as a state granary of the world bioenergy. Future challenges in the development of bioenergy, particularly in the aspects of capital / investment, legal instruments, technology development, problems of social constraints, and limitations of markets and users, should be a commitment and a shared responsibility of government, community and relevant parties to seek solutions . Hopefully within the next few decades, Indonesia could become the world's tigers in the field of energy. In achieving these expectations, it should be realized that the success has not come by itself, but is the result of hard work from all parties / stakeholders.
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